IPGATE AG – Patent Family E138 · Continuous DAP Delivery & Area-Switchable DAP Technology
7
Granted Rights
6
Jurisdictions
8
Independent Inventions
2014/2015
Priority
IBS2 / B1
Technology Basis

Bidirectional DHK Technology for EHB Systems

Patent family E138 describes an actuation system for vehicle brakes with an electrically driven double-acting piston (DAP) that supplies pressure to the brake circuit in both piston movement directions — providing virtually uninterrupted pressure supply with high dynamics.

The E138 patent family describes an actuation system for vehicle brakes in which a second, electrically driven pressure source with double-acting pistons (DAP) supplies pressure medium to the brake circuit in both piston movement directions in a controlled manner. The family comprises two technological focal points: (1) the basic continuous DAP delivery technology (E138WO-SA) and (2) the advanced area-switchable DAP technology with active pressure reduction (E138WO-TA1).

The E138 patent family comprises 7 property rights in the jurisdictions EP (with validation in DE and FR), US, CN, and KR. The US and CN divisionals (E138WOUS1, E138WOCN1) protect the advanced technology with exactly two solenoid valves connected in series. Alongside the E136 patent family, the EP patent forms the basic patent for bidirectional double-stroke piston technology in electrohydraulic braking systems.

EP · DE · FR KR CN US

Development History

The development of the E138 technology began in 2014 in parallel with the E136 family and addressed the same fundamental problem: In modern brake-by-wire systems, sufficiently large volumes of pressure medium must be provided for pre-filling, ABS control, and fading situations without interrupting pressure build-up and without compromising fault tolerance.

Previous solutions (e.g., reservoir chamber concepts from DE 10 2011 009059, DE 10 2011 111368) had in common that they either placed high demands on valve tightness, interrupted pressure build-up during long braking processes, or subjected the spindle and ball screw drive to additional axial forces. The basic idea — the use of a double-acting piston (DAP) that delivers controlled pressure medium to the brake circuits during both the forward and return strokes — fundamentally solves the problem of pressure interruption: Since both piston strokes are used for pressure supply, theoretically unlimited volume delivery with high dynamics (switching time <10 ms) is possible without interrupting pressure build-up.

The divisional applications E138WOUS1 and E138WOCN1 extend the basic concept with a precise valve architecture featuring exactly two solenoid valves (AS + VF) connected in series, which enable variable piston area control, active pressure reduction via the DAP, and an innovative diagnostic procedure using volume-pressure correlation.

Note on TA1 Applications: The divisional applications E138WOUS1/E138WOCN1 are restricted by the claim "exactly two solenoid valves in series." The central exploitation basis remains the parent application E138WOEP (very broad, no valve number restriction). The TA1 applications primarily serve as a strategic fallback position.
Alongside E136, E138WOEP forms the foundational patent for bidirectional double-stroke piston technology in electrohydraulic braking systems — with no valve number restriction in the core claim.

8 Independent Inventions in Two Groups

Group 1 (E138WO-SA): 3 core innovations for continuous DHK delivery technology. Group 2 (E138WO-TA1): 5 core innovations for area-switchable DHK technology with active pressure reduction.

GROUP 1 — E138WO-SA · Continuous DHK Delivery Technology
EP A1 / KR
Continuous Alternating DHK Delivery
Actuating mechanism with electrically driven DAP feeding controlled pressure medium into at least one brake circuit in both movement directions. Basic patent for bidirectional DAP technology. Virtually uninterrupted pressure supply.
EP A12
Isolation-Valve-Free Braking Method
DHK supplies pressure to the rear of the master cylinder piston without shut-off valves. Operating modes (pre-fill, ABS, max pedal force, fallback) controlled via solenoid valves. Simplified architecture, shorter response times.
EP A13
DAP-SMC Compact Architecture
Actuation system with DAP and single master cylinder (SHZ/SMC). DAP compensates for lack of THZ redundancy. Installation length reduced by up to 50% compared to conventional tandem master cylinder systems.
GROUP 2 — E138WO-TA1 · Area-Switchable DHK Technology
US A1 / CN A1
DHK with AS/VF Series Connection
DAP with two chambers connected via exactly two solenoid valves (AS + VF) in series. Four operating modes: normal forward stroke, pre-filling (3× delivery rate), return stroke, direct pressure reduction via AS.
US A13
Volume-Pressure Diagnostic Procedure
Leak and air detection by correlating delivered volume (piston area × stroke) with expected p-V characteristic curve. Real-time diagnosis in both stroke directions without additional sensors. Critical for L4/5 autonomous vehicles.
CN A18
DHK Pressure Reduction via Central Valve
Pressure reduction via bidirectional inlet valve (4MUX SV) + central outlet valve (AV-MUX) and/or directly via DAP. Operation without separate wheel outlet valves possible.
CN A19
Area-Switchable Pressure Reduction
Controlled pressure reduction: working chamber connected via AS/VF so only the smaller effective piston area is active in forward stroke. Hydraulic "2-speed" effect; advantageous for blending during regenerative braking and precise ABS modulation.
Invention Overview

Categories, Descriptions & Keywords

Overview of all 8 independent invention concepts across two subfamilies. E138WO-SA covers the basic continuous delivery technology; E138WO-TA1 extends with area-switchable operation and active pressure reduction.

Invention Cat. Description Keyword
E138WO-SA — Continuous DHK Delivery Technology
E138 A1
(EP, CN, KR)
Device Actuating mechanism with pedal-operated first pressure source (HZ) and electromechanically driven DAP. DAP feeds pressure medium into at least one brake circuit in both directions of movement. Virtually uninterrupted pressure supply; significant reduction in dead times. Basic patent for bidirectional DAP technology. Note: "Graduated design" is an optional feature, not mandatory in the scope of protection. Continuous DAP delivery
E138 A12
(EP)
Method DHK supplies pressure medium to the rear of the HZ piston; pressure generation in brake circuits without shut-off valves. Operating modes (pre-fill, ABS, max pedal force, travel simulator, fallback) controlled via solenoid valves. Simplified architecture, shorter response times, improved ABS performance. Isolation-valve-free braking method
E138 A13
(EP)
Device Actuation system with DAP and single master cylinder (SHZ). DAP compensates for lack of THZ redundancy through bidirectional delivery. Length reduced by up to 50% vs. conventional THZ systems. DAP-SMC compact architecture
E138WO-TA1 — Area-Switchable DHK Technology with Active Pressure Reduction
E138 A1
(US, CN)
Device DAP with two pressure chambers connected via exactly two solenoid valves (AS + VF) in series. Four operating modes: (a) normal forward stroke — small area, (b) pre-filling — large area (3× delivery rate), (c) return stroke — ring area, (d) pressure reduction directly via AS without ABS outlet valves. DHK with AS/VF series connection
E138 A13
(US)
Method Diagnostic procedure: leak and air detection by correlating delivered volume (piston area × stroke) with expected p-V characteristic curve. Real-time diagnosis in both stroke directions without additional sensors. Critical for L4/5 autonomous vehicles. Volume-pressure diagnostic
E138 A18/A19
(CN)
Method A18: Pressure reduction via bidirectional inlet valve + central outlet valve and/or directly via DAP. A19: Pressure reduction with DAP connected so only smaller effective piston area is active in forward stroke → finely metered pressure reduction; hydraulic "2-speed" effect for blending and ABS modulation. DAP pressure reduction method & area switching
Family Overview

Jurisdictions & Status

All members of the E138 patent family as of February 2026. All seven rights are granted.

File No. Country Status Type Application No. Filed Grant No. Granted
E138WOEP EP Granted Patent 15723949.2 May 20, 2015 EP3145771B1 Nov. 7, 2018
E138WOEPDE DE Granted Patent (via EP) 15723949.2 May 20, 2015 502015006778.0 Nov. 7, 2018
E138WOEPFR FR Granted Patent (via EP) 15723949.2 May 20, 2015 EP3145771B1 Nov. 7, 2018
E138WOKR KR Granted Patent 10-2016-7035692 May 20, 2015 KR101978278B1 May 8, 2019
E138WOCN CN Granted Patent 201580026017.7 May 20, 2015 CN106458167B Apr. 27, 2021
E138WOUS1 US Granted Patent (divisional) 17/018,094 May 20, 2015 US10,940,840 B2 Mar. 9, 2021
E138WOCN1 CN Granted Patent (divisional) 202110355357.1 May 20, 2015 CN113147694B Feb. 13, 2024