E141 – HDS 2 Hybrid
Pressure Control Strategy
Highly dynamic pressure control of the 2nd generation — volume control combined with outlet valve time/PWM control. 13 independent inventions · 4 published applications · DE
Figure 1 – Plunger Hybrid Control
Figure 2 – Central Outlet Valve (ZAV)
Figure 3 – Vibration-Free Delivery
| Applicant | IPGATE AG, Churerstrasse 160a, 8808 Pfäffikon (CH) |
| Inventors | Dr. Thomas Leiber, Christian Köglsperger |
| Priority / Filing Date | March 16, 2015 (DE 10 2015 103 858.7) |
| PCT Application | None — DE national applications only |
| Technology | HDS 2 — Highly Dynamic Pressure Control of the 2nd Generation (hybrid strategy: volume control via delivery device + time/PWM control of outlet valves) |
| Innovations | 13 independent inventions across 4 published applications (E141DE · DE1 · DE2 · DE3); further divisional E141DE4 planned |
4
Published Applications
1
Jurisdiction
13
Independent Claims
2015
Priority
HDS 2 / B2
Technology Basis
All Degrees of Freedom in
Electrohydraulic Pressure Control
Patent family E141 introduces HDS 2 — the third generation of IPGATE's IBS pressure control technology. It combines precise volume control via the delivery device with time or PWM control of outlet valves, enabling simultaneous pressure build-up in one consumer and reduction in another for the first time.
The E141 patent family describes a novel method and device for pressure control in electrohydraulic systems — classified as a second-generation highly dynamic pressure control system (HDS 2). The core of HDS 2 is the combination of precise volume control via the delivery device (plunger, double-acting piston, or rotary pump) with targeted time control or PWM control of outlet valves. This hybrid architecture unlocks all degrees of freedom in pressure control: pressure can be built up in one consumer while being simultaneously reduced in another — a level of control quality that cannot be achieved with conventional PWM inlet valve or time-based outlet valve methods alone.
The E141 patent family comprises four published DE applications (E141DE · DE1 · DE2 · DE3), all with priority March 16, 2015. A further divisional application (E141DE4) is planned. Together, the four applications protect 13 independent inventions covering three delivery device types (plunger, DAP, rotary pump), central outlet valve topology, and vibration-free pressure control via PWM bypass.
DE
Three Generations of IBS Pressure Control
HDS 2 is the result of a step-by-step development of brake-by-wire pressure control at IPGATE, expanding the degrees of freedom with each generation.
Generation 1 · 2005
MUX Pressure Control
Patent Family E87 · 8 patents · 624 citations
Current-proportional pressure control (PPC method) via brushless EC motor with Id/Iq vector control, adaptive map control, and sequential MUX valve control in a closed brake circuit. Limitation: during pressure reduction at one wheel, simultaneous pressure build-up is not possible.
Generation 2 · 2009
HDS 1 — Plunger Flow Control
Patent Family E102 · 6 patents · 20 core inventions
Cascaded plunger flow control with simultaneous/partially simultaneous operation. Inner loop: piston position/speed. Outer loop: target pressure via pV characteristic curve. Adds wheel-selective PWM valve control and model-based sensorless pressure calculation per wheel.
Generation 3 · 2015
HDS 2 — Hybrid Pressure Control
Patent Family E141 · 4 applications · 13 inventions
Volume control + time/PWM outlet valve control. All degrees of freedom: simultaneous build-up and reduction. Three delivery types (plunger, DAP, rotary pump). Dual sensor strategy, central outlet valve, regenerative braking blending, vibration-free delivery via PWM bypass.
Eight Fundamental Innovations of HDS 2
1. Hybrid control with outlet valves as additional degree of freedom — Pressure reduction via outlet valves (AV) integrated as a controlled channel: individual wheel valves or a central outlet valve (ZAV). The delivery device acts as a dual control element: during reduction, the plunger actively controls the gradient via volume control, linearizing the non-linear outlet valve pressure curve.
2. Three delivery device types — Plunger (HDS 2.1): dual control for finely metered reduction. DAP (HDS 2.2): uninterrupted continuous delivery forward and return, solving the volume problem structurally. Rotary pump (HDS 2.3): cost-effective, requires outlet valve reduction.
3. Dual sensor strategy with offset compensation — Angle sensor for primary pressure control via delivery rate; pressure sensor for offset calibration after outlet valve reduction. Inherent redundancy for fail-operational systems at autonomy levels 3–5.
4. Solution to the volume problem (HDS 2.1) — In single-stroke piston systems, ABS operation drains volume continuously. HDS 2 solves this via preferred volume return to the working chamber during control, avoiding the conventional 150 ms interruption required for piston retraction and reservoir refill.
5. Valve reduction through central outlet valve (ZAV) — Asymmetric topology: ZAV connected to multiple consumers; at least one consumer retains an individual outlet valve for rapid selective reduction. Scalable architecture reducing solenoid valve count, cost, installation space, and weight.
6. Regenerative braking and advanced driving dynamics — Finely tuned blending: hydraulic pressure on the generator axle precisely adjusted to varying generator torque while simultaneously controlling the conventional axle. Supports wheel-specific blending for all-wheel recuperation and yaw moment generation during regenerative braking and steering.
7. Maximization of the pressure reduction gradient — For plunger and DAP systems: simultaneous reduction via delivery device and outlet valve. Critical for low-µ surfaces where outlet valve gradient alone is physically limited.
8. Vibration reduction via outlet valve bypass — PWM-controlled outlet valve opened simultaneously with delivery to divert and smooth pressure peaks and harmonics of piston pumps. Enables low-noise, vibration-free pressure build-up and precisely metered reduction — essential for premium BEVs and autonomous vehicles where brake noise is no longer masked by engine sound.
13 Independent Inventions across 4 Applications
Four DE applications, each covering distinct aspects of the HDS 2 architecture. E141DE covers the plunger hybrid method; DE1 extends to all delivery types; DE2 protects the central outlet valve topology; DE3 addresses simultaneous operation and vibration-free delivery.
E141DE · HDS 2.1 Plunger Hybrid Control · 3 independent claims
A1 · HDS 2.1
Plunger Hybrid Control
Method
Delivery device (cylinder-piston unit) pressure-regulated as an actuator. Pressure reduction in the open brake circuit via outlet valve (AV) + inlet valve (EV) with pressure-regulated piston tracking (volume follow-up). New claim set March 4, 2026 — 32 claims, 3 independent (A1, A24, A26).
A24 · HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3
Offset Adjustment
Method
After pressure reduction via AV, pressure is measured to adjust the piston stroke–pressure characteristic curve (offset compensation). Subsequent pressure build-up uses the adjusted assignment. Combines previous A3 (piston) and A4 (pump) into a single, delivery-device-agnostic claim. New independent claim (March 2026).
A26 · HDS 2.1
Device Protection
Device
Stroke-controlled piston-cylinder unit as an actuator for pressure control, implementing the method of claims 1–20. Combines previous A30 (plunger) and A31 (DAP/pump) into one device claim. New independent claim (March 2026).
E141DE1 · HDS 2 Universal · 4 independent claims
A1 · HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3
HDS 2 Method — All Delivery Types
Method
Delivery device (single-stroke piston, double-acting piston, or pump) with variable pressure reduction modes (via AV and/or volume extraction via delivery device) combined with simultaneous/partially simultaneous pressure control across multiple consumers.
A6 · HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3
HDS 2 in ABS / ESP / TCS
Method (use)
Application of the HDS 2 method in automatic vehicle control systems including ABS (anti-lock braking), ESP (electronic stability program), and TCS (traction control). Use claim extending protection to all active vehicle dynamics interventions.
A7 · HDS 2.2/2.3
HDS 2 for Regenerative Braking
Method
Delivery device (single-stroke piston, double-acting piston, or pump) with variable pressure reduction modes and simultaneous/partially simultaneous control specifically for comfort functions — covering finely tuned blending strategy during regenerative braking, yaw moment generation, and wheel-specific all-wheel recuperation.
A8 · HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3
HDS 2 Device
Device
Device: delivery system (single-stroke piston, double-acting piston, or pump) with variable pressure reduction modes (via AV and/or volume extraction via delivery device) and simultaneous/partially simultaneous control. Hardware protection corresponding to the A1 method claim.
E141DE2 · Central Outlet Valve Topology (ZAV) · 2 independent claims
A1 · HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3
ZAV Valve Reduction Method
Method
Hybrid valve architecture with central outlet valve (ZAV) connected to multiple brake circuit consumers, combined with at least one individual wheel outlet valve for selective rapid pressure reduction. Asymmetric topology enables wheel-specific ABS/ESP dynamics while reducing overall solenoid valve count, cost, and installation space.
A8 · HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3
ZAV Device
Device
Hardware protection for the asymmetric outlet valve topology: system comprising a central outlet valve (ZAV) serving multiple consumers and at least one individual consumer outlet valve. Device claim corresponding to the A1 method — protects the physical valve architecture independently of the control method.
E141DE3 · Simultaneous Operation & Vibration Reduction · 3 independent claims
A1 · HDS 2
Simultaneous Pressure Build-Up / Release
Method
Simultaneous pressure build-up via inlet valve (EV) in one consumer while reducing pressure via outlet valve (AV) or central outlet valve (ZAV) in another consumer — all driven by a single delivery device. Core claim for the full simultaneous degree of freedom in HDS 2.
A5 · HDS 2.1
Vibration-Free Follow-Up Delivery
Method
Simultaneous opening of inlet valve (EV) and outlet valve (AV) during follow-up delivery, with the outlet valve preferably PWM-controlled, to achieve a specified pressure curve in the consumer without pressure oscillations or harmonics. Eliminates NVH issues of piston pumps — critical for quiet BEVs and autonomous vehicles where engine noise no longer masks brake noise.
A7 · HDS 2.2/2.3
Simultaneous Operation Device
Device
Continuous delivery device (double-acting piston or rotary pump) configured for simultaneous operation: pressure reduction via outlet valve in one consumer with simultaneous pressure increase or reduction in another consumer via the delivery device. Device protection for the continuous-delivery simultaneous architecture.
E141DE4 (Planned): Further divisional application with 2 independent device claims (content to be determined). Together with the 3 claims in E141DE and the 9 claims in DE1–DE3, this will complete the set of 13 independent claims.
Section 1 · Invention Overview
HDS Categories, Descriptions & Keywords
All 13 independent invention concepts across the four published applications, organized by HDS 2 category. New claim set for E141DE effective March 4, 2026.
| Invention | HDS Cat. | Type | Description | Keyword |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E141DE — DE102015103858 · Master Application · 3 Independent Claims (new claim set March 4, 2026) | ||||
| E141DE A1 | HDS 2.1 | Method | Delivery device (cylinder-piston unit) pressure-regulated as an actuator. Pressure reduction control in the open brake circuit via AV + EV with pressure-regulated piston tracking (volume follow-up). Linearizes the non-linear outlet valve pressure curve via volume control. | Plunger hybrid control |
| E141DE A24 | HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3 | Method | After pressure reduction via AV, pressure measurement adjusts the piston stroke–pressure characteristic curve (offset compensation); subsequent pressure build-up uses the adjusted assignment. Combines previous A3 (piston) and A4 (pump). | Offset adjustment |
| E141DE A26 | HDS 2.1 | Device | Stroke-controlled piston-cylinder unit as an actuator for pressure control to carry out the method of claims 1–20. Combines previous A30 (plunger) and A31 (DAP/pump). | Hybrid control device |
| E141DE1 — DE102015017586 · Divisional · 4 Independent Claims | ||||
| E141DE1 A1 | HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3 | Method | Delivery device (single-stroke piston, double-acting piston, or rotary pump) with variable pressure reduction modes (AV and/or volume extraction) combined with simultaneous/partially simultaneous pressure control across multiple brake circuit consumers. | HDS 2 universal method |
| E141DE1 A6 | HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3 | Method (use) | Application of the HDS 2 method in automatic vehicle control systems: ABS, ESP, and/or TCS. Use claim extending protection to all active vehicle dynamics interventions. | HDS 2 in ABS/ESP/TCS |
| E141DE1 A7 | HDS 2.2/2.3 | Method | Delivery device with variable pressure reduction modes and simultaneous/partially simultaneous control for comfort functions: regenerative braking blending, yaw moment generation, wheel-specific all-wheel recuperation blending strategy. | HDS 2 regenerative braking |
| E141DE1 A8 | HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3 | Device | Device: delivery system (single-stroke piston, double-acting piston, or rotary pump) with variable pressure reduction modes (AV and/or volume extraction) and simultaneous/partially simultaneous control. Hardware protection for the HDS 2 universal method. | HDS 2 universal device |
| E141DE2 — DE102015017587 · Divisional · 2 Independent Claims | ||||
| E141DE2 A1 | HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3 | Method | Hybrid valve architecture with central outlet valve (ZAV) connected to multiple consumers and at least one individual consumer outlet valve. Asymmetric topology: independent rapid reduction on safety-critical wheels while remaining wheels share the ZAV. Scalable valve reduction. | ZAV valve reduction method |
| E141DE2 A8 | HDS 2.1/2.2/2.3 | Device | Hardware protection for the asymmetric outlet valve topology: system with ZAV serving multiple consumers plus at least one individual consumer outlet valve. Device protection independent of the specific control method. | ZAV device |
| E141DE3 — DE102015017588 · Divisional · 3 Independent Claims | ||||
| E141DE3 A1 | HDS 2 | Method | Simultaneous pressure build-up via EV in one consumer with simultaneous pressure reduction via AV/ZAV in another consumer, driven by a single delivery device. Core claim for full simultaneous degree of freedom in HDS 2. | Simultaneous build-up / release |
| E141DE3 A5 | HDS 2.1 | Method | Simultaneous opening of EV + AV (preferably PWM-controlled) during follow-up delivery for a specified pressure curve without pressure oscillations in the consumer. Eliminates harmonics of piston pumps — enables low-noise, vibration-free pressure build-up and reduction in BEVs. | Vibration-free follow-up delivery |
| E141DE3 A7 | HDS 2.2/2.3 | Device | Continuous delivery device (DAP or rotary pump) for simultaneous operation: pressure reduction via AV in one consumer with simultaneous pressure increase or reduction in another consumer via the delivery device. Device protection for the continuous-delivery simultaneous architecture. | Simultaneous operation device |
| E141DE4 — Planned Divisional · 2 Independent Claims (content t.b.d.) | ||||
| E141DE4 | HDS 2.1 | Device | Planned further divisional application with 2 independent device claims (content to be determined). Together with the 3 claims in E141DE and the 9 claims in DE1–DE3, this will complete the set of 13 independent claims. | TBD |
Section 1a · Family Overview
Applications & Status
All members of the E141 patent family as of March 2026. All four applications are published and pending examination. Priority date: March 16, 2015 for all applications.
| File No. | Country | Status | Type | Application No. | Filed | Disclosure No. | Disclosed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E141DE | DE | Pending | Master application | 10 2015 103 858 | Mar. 16, 2015 | DE102015103858A1 | Sep. 22, 2016 |
| E141DE1 | DE | Pending | Divisional | 10 2015 017 586 | Mar. 16, 2015 | DE102015017586A1 | Sep. 22, 2016 |
| E141DE2 | DE | Pending | Divisional | 10 2015 017 587 | Mar. 16, 2015 | DE102015017587A1 | Sep. 22, 2016 |
| E141DE3 | DE | Pending | Divisional | 10 2015 017 588 | Mar. 16, 2015 | DE102015017588A1 | Sep. 22, 2016 |
| E141DE4 | DE | Planned | Divisional (partial) | – | – | – | – |
DE
